We start with a randomly halffilled threedimensional optical lattice with about 60 atoms. Studies of ultracold gases in optical lattices provide a means for testing fundamental and applicationoriented quantum manybody concepts of condensedmatter physics in well controllable atomic systems. Sorting ultracold atoms in a threedimensional optical. This idea was first pioneered for the case of optical lattices by the group of weiss, who loaded atoms from a magnetooptical trap into a threedimensional lattice with a lattice constant of 6. In this thesis i report on experiments with ultracold molecules and atom pairs in optical lattice potentials. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized. Besides trapping cold atoms, optical lattices have been widely used in creating gratings and photonic crystals. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are scalable and offer parallelism due to their geometry 7. We combine the capabilities of the optical lattices with two powerful tools used in atom physics. Mekhov clarendon laboratory, department of physics, university of oxford, parks road, oxford ox1 3pu, united kingdom. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices christian gross1 and immanuel bloch1,2 quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry.
Phil thesis, michaelmas 2010 ultracold atoms in optical lattices can be used to model condensed matter systems. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in optical lattices immanuel bloch 1 at nanokelvin temperatures, ultracold quantum gases can be stored in optical lattices. Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a hubbardregime optical lattice. Light scattering from ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Section 3 is devoted to the dynamics of atoms inside the wells, while section 4 deals with the dynamics of atoms traveling between several wells. Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices ultrakalte atome in optischen gittern.
Probing bloch band geometry with ultracold atoms in optical. We report on the direct observation of superexchange interactions with ultracold atoms in optical lattices 17, 18. Here, we demonstrate how quantized dynamical gauge fields can be created in mixtures of ultracold. Pdf matterwave scattering from ultracold atoms in an. Atoms trapped in optical lattices can be used to mimic the behavior of conduction electrons in solid state crystals. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Quantum simulations based on ultracold atoms in optical lattices provide a promising avenue to study these complex systems and unravel the underlying manybody physics. Ultracold molecules and atom pairs in optical lattice.
Kinki university series on quantum computing interface between quantum information and statistical physics, pp. Optical lattices abstract in this chapter we give details of the atomic physics that underlies the bosehubbard model used to describe ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Scalable optical traps for individual neutral atoms include 2d optical lattices,9, 10 arrays of dipole traps, 11 and 3d optical lattices. Optical lattices have seen utilization in such diverse. Within this setting, quantum gas microscopes enable single atom observation and manipulation in large samples. Ultracold atoms in onedimensional optical lattices. Lightinduced gauge potentials and optical flux lattices for. How to characterize the dynamics of cold atoms in non. Quantum optical lattices for emergent manybody phases of ultracold atoms santiago f.
Atoms in an optical lattice provide an ideal quantum system where all parameters can be. We can generate bright ring lattices for trapping atoms in reddetuned light. Quantum chaos with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. The interaction of atoms in the lattice can easily. We introduce the geometric properties of optical lattices using a classical model for the atoms. Ultracold atoms in such a rotating lattice can be used for the direct quantum simulation of strongly correlated systems under large effective magnetic fields, allowing investigation of phenomena such as the fractional quantum hall effect. Cold atoms in optical lattices foundation for research. Hazzard,2 3 and ana maria rey1 1jila, nist, department of physics, university of colorado, 440 ucb, boulder, colorado 80309, usa 2department of physics and astronomy, rice university, houston, texas 77005, usa. Coupling ultracold matter to dynamical gauge fields in. It is the hope of many physicists that ultracold atoms in optical lattices provide the ultimate testing ground for many models. They provide a clean, tuneable system which can be engineered to. Review quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical. Scientists combine two single atoms to make a single.
The newfound ability to confine ultracold quantum gases in optical lattices is already having a major impact in fields as diverse as condensed. In this paper, we propose a slaveboson approach for dealing with the bosehubbard model, which. Optical lattices have been widely used in atomic physics as a way to cool, trap and control atoms. This system acts as a quantum simulator of strongly correlated materials, which are. Boseeinstein condensation, optical lattices, atomic applications and the details of the wellknown bose hubbard bh hamiltonian and its phase diagram. Applications of optical lattices from optical lattice. Chapter two introduces the basic concepts needed to understand the physics in optical lattices. Lightinduced gauge potentials and optical flux lattices for ultracold atoms gediminas juzeliunas institute of theoretical physics and astronomy,vilnius university, vilnius, lithuania newspin 2, 17 december 2011. A dissipative optical lattice is achieved when a light field provides both velocity damping and spatial periodicity of the atomic density.
I have mixed two clouds of ultracold atoms, caught in two di. This thesis covers most of my work in the field of ultracold atoms loaded in optical lattices. We demonstrate the realisation of intensity patterns from pairs of laguerregauss expi modes with different l indices. We study the continuous zero temperature quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the mott insulator phase induced by varying the depth of the optical potential, where the mott insulator phase corresponds to. Microscopic studies of quantum phase transitions in.
Artificial gauge fields with ultracold atoms in optical. These patterns can be rotated by introducing a frequency shift between the modes. This book provides a complete and comprehensive overview of ultracold lattice gases as quantum simulators. Scattering from different atomic quantum states creates different quantum states of the scattered light, which can be distinguished by measurements of the spatial intensity distribution, quadrature variances, photon statistics, or spectral measurements. Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold atoms in optical lattices m. It starts with an introduction to the hofstadter model, which describes the dynamics. A versatile system to explore few and manybody physics in periodic potentials david petrosyan iesl forth, greece. It also paved the way for even more powerful cooling techniques, in particular evaporative cooling, which made possible the boseeinstein condensation of a dilute gas of alkali atoms in 1995.
Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories using. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple noninteracting system and going into the manybody physics that describes the. The extremely high controllability that is offered by systems of ultracold atoms in optical lattices has already allowed some highly impressive work to be accomplished. Nonequilibrium dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices by david chen dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in physics in the graduate college of the university of illinois at urbanachampaign, 2015 urbana, illinois doctoral committee. Ultracold atomic gases mixtures and molecules jesper fevre bertelsen. Cold neutral atoms in optical lattices university of michigan. Motivation cooling optical lattice applications overview 1 motivation 2 cooling laser cooling doppler cooling evaporative cooling 3 optical lattice 4 applications super uid to mott insulator transition sandeep pathakindian institute of science, bangalore ultracold atoms in optical lattices. These socalled optical lattices act as versatile potential landscapes to trap ultracold quantum gases of bosons and fermions. We make the atoms sufficiently vibrationally cold so that the initial disorder is the dominant entropy. The key feature of these systems are the complete control of the manybody systems, combined with a microscopic understanding of the underlying dynamics. This work reports on the generation of artificial magnetic fields with ultracold atoms in optical lattices using laserassisted tunneling, as well as on the first chernnumber measurement in a nonelectronic system. Quantum simulation of 2d quantum chemistry in optical. Probing quantum phases of ultracold atoms in optical. Quantum simulation using ultracold atoms in twodimensional.
Diener,3,1 iacopo carusotto,4,5 and qian niu1 1department of physics, the university of texas, austin, texas 787121081, usa. Optical lattices are an ideal platform for atomic experimentation. Cold neutral atoms in optical lattices by rui zhang a dissertation submitted in partial ful. Optical flux lattices for ultracold atomic gases n. In this thesis, we study the dynamics of ultracold atoms on optical lattices related to topics. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple noninteracting system and going into the manybody physics that describes the strongly correlated mott insulator regime. Spinorbit coupling and berry phase with ultracold atoms in.
Coherent addressing of individual neutral atoms in a 3d. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices connecting repositories. Spinorbit coupling and berry phase with ultracold atoms in 2d optical lattices artem m. Cooper theory of condensed matter group, cavendish laboratory, j. Resonant and soliton transport of ultracold atoms on. Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to simulate condensed matter or even high energy physics. It makes a route through the physics of cold atoms in periodic potentials starting from the simple. Here we present an experiment that captures the full essence of maxwell s thought experiment.
This chapter provides a brief history and introduction to the. Thomson avenue, cambridge cb3 0he, united kingdom received 12 january 2011. Atoms in an optical lattice provide an ideal quantum system where all parameters can be controlled. Maschler et al ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized light. Quantum optical lattices for emergent manybody phases of. Nippon telegraph and telephone has proposed a method for generating a largescale entangled quantum state of ultracold atoms in an optical. Realization of the hofstadter hamiltonian with ultracold.
Meyerovich department of physics, university of rhode island, kingston, ri 02881, usa similarities between alkali gases in optical lattices with noninteger occupation of the lattice sites and quantum crystals are explored. The dynamics of an ultracold dilute gas of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice can be described by a bosehubbard model where the system parameters are controlled by laser light. We study offresonant collective light scattering from ultracold atoms trapped in an optical lattice. Lukin2 1institute for quantum information, california institute of technology, mc 10781, pasadena, california 91125, usa 2physics department, harvard university, cambridge, massachusetts 028, usa received 25 october 2002. In my talk i will focus on the remarkable opportunities offered by ultracold quantum gases trapped in optical lattices to address fundamental physics questions ranging from condensed matter physics over statistical physics to high energy physics with tabletop experiment. Bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice at very low temperatures can be modeled by the bosehubbard model. Within a cloud of atoms, two parts of an optical tweezer brought just two together and formed a single molecule. It is the hope of many physicists that ultracold atoms in optical lattices provide the ultimate testing ground for many models of condensed matter physics. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices the studies of ultracold atoms constitute one of the hottest areas of atomic, molecular, and optical amo physics and quantum optics. They are also useful for sorting microscopic particles, and may be useful for assembling cell arrays.
Boseeinstein condensates in optical lattices and optical potentials, including the work of greiner et al. Controlled exchange interaction between pairs of neutral. A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices hardcover maciej. In the case of cavity pumping, all atoms are simultane ously coupled to the same mode. Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in. Strongly correlated ultracold bosonic atoms in optical lattices. We demonstrate a novel experimental arrangement which can rotate a 2d optical lattice at frequencies up to several kilohertz.
Quantum manybody dynamics of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Starting from a noninteracting perspective, we derive the singleparticle bandstructure. Quantum simulation using ultracold ytterbium atoms in an. Recent experiments on ultracold atomic alkali gases in a onedimensional optical lattice have demonstrated the transition from a gas of softcore bosons to a tonksgirardeau gas in the hardcore limit, where onedimensional bosons behave like fermions in many respects.
Timeresolved observation and control of superexchange. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms in. In the limit of very low temperatures, cavity field and atomic dynamics require a quantum description. April 2004 arrays of ultracold atoms trapped by artificial crystals of light can be used in a wide variety of experiments in quantum physics imagine having an artificial substance in which you can control almost all aspects of the underlying periodic structure. Lukin2 1institute for quantum information, california institute of technology, mc 10781, pasadena, california 91125, usa. Entangling the atoms in an optical lattice for quantum. Pattern formation in mixtures of ultracold atoms in optical lattices m. First comprehensive book on ultracold gases in optical lattices. For typical condensed matter oriented experiments, such large spaced lattices are, however, of limited use, due to their almost vanishing tunnel coupling between neighboring wells. Dynamics of boseeinstein condensates in optical lattices. We then show that a single bosonic atom can mediate an e ective coulomb repulsion between two fermions, leading to the analog of molecular hydrogen in two dimensions.
They have been rewarded with the 1997 nobel prize in physics for chu 1998, cohentannoudji 1998 and. We demonstrate a high degree of control of ultracold lattice gases on the quan. Cold atoms in dissipative optical lattices sciencedirect. We have studied the underlying manybody physics through numerical simulations which accommodate both the softcore. Implementing the twoqubit gates necessary for quantum computation is a longstanding problem using this approach. Today, his dream has become a reality in laboratories around the world. What makes optical lattices so useful is the nearly complete control it gives us over the system. From the standard model of particle physics to strongly correlated electrons, various physical settings are formulated in terms of matter coupled to gauge fields. We propose a versatile optical ring lattice suitable for trapping cold and quantum degenerate atomic samples. In this chapter, we will summarize some of the important results obtained in quantum simulation research into quantum manybody systems using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. In this thesis, we exploit the high degree of control available in these systems to directly probe the band geometry of an optical honeycomb lattice. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices derevianko group.
Entangling the atoms in an optical lattice for quantum computation 17 march 2014. Optical lattice is formed by the interference of counterpropagating laser beams, which creates e ective potential that traps ultracold atoms. In this chapter we introduce the reader to the physics of ultracold atoms trapped in crystals made of light. Previous experiments have shown that spinspin interactions between neighboring atoms can be implemented in discrete time steps 19, 20 by bringing the atoms together on a single site and carrying out controlled collisions. Thywissen department of physics, university of toronto, toronto, ontario, canada m5s 1a7 received 2 february 2007. A way to reach this regime is by trapping atoms in an optical lattice. The physics of ultracold atoms, ions, and molecules offers unprecedented possibilities of control of quantum many systems, and novel possibilities of applications for quantum information and quantum metrology. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms in optical lattices l.
Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Quantum simulation using ultracold atoms in twodimensional optical lattices sarah alassam, balliol college, oxford d. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices simulating quantum manybody systems maciej lewenstein, anna sanpera, and veronica ahufinger. We study an ultracold gas of neutral atoms subject to the periodic optical potential generated by a highq cavity mode.
Ultracold atoms and molecules in optical lattices sciencedirect. Effective manybody parameters for atoms in nonseparable. Such systems are nearly perfect realisations of various kinds of hubbard models, and as such may very well serve to mimic condensed matter phenomena. Controlling and exploring quantum matter using ultracold. Pattern formation in mixtures of ultracold atoms in. Pdf ultracold atoms in optical lattices pedro duarte. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum manybody problems. Atoms optical lattice optical lattice vs solid state crystal lattices. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices have recently emerged as promising candidates for investigating the geometric and topological aspects of band structures. We have developed a quantum gas microscope that allowed, for the. Controlling spin exchange interactions of ultracold atoms. Marko znidari c may 25, 2010 abstract in the seminar, physical principles underlying behavior of atoms in optical lattices are presented.
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